The Absolutely True Diary Of A Part Time Indian By Sherman...

Double-consciousness in The Absolutely True Diary of a Part-Time Indian Double-consciousness this sense of always looking at one s self through the eyes of others, of measuring one s soul by the tape of a world that looks on in amused contempt and pity (Dubois, 8). W.E.B. Du Bois had a perfect definition of double-consciousness. The action of viewing one s self through the eyes of others and measuring one s soul. Looking at all of the thoughts good or bad coming from others. This is present in the main character of the book The Absolutely True Diary of a Part-Time Indian, by Sherman Alexie. The Absolutely True Diary is about a boy named Junior that is fourteen years old and living on the Spokane Reservation. Junior was born with too†¦show more content†¦Junior experiences the concept of double-consciousness in this scene of the book, because he looks at his image. For example, the size of his head or the size of his feet, characteristics that people on the reservation see when they look at him. Another example of double-consciousness based on on e s look is towards the middle of the book where Junior expresses a more racial feeling of double-consciousness. Junior states, They call me an apple because they think I m red on the outside and white on the inside (Alexie,131). This is an example of double-consciousness in Junior, because Junior states in another part of the book, I felt like two people inside of one body (61). These two quotes relate making this double-consciousness, because Junior has heard what people on the reservation say about him and he himself believes it. This simple sense of double-consciousness is however not the same as what Junior expresses later in the book. In the Absolutely True Diary Junior expresses great growth in his view of himself and who he is, because he sees that he is not just someone who belongs to one group, but someone of many groups. This is conveyed, because Junior states, I that, sure, I was a Spokane Indian. I belonged to that tribe. But I also belonged to the tribe of American immigrants. And to the tribe of basketball players. And to the tribe of bookworms. And the tribe of cartoonists. And the tribe of chronic masturbators. And the tribe of teenage boys.Show MoreRelatedThe Absolutely True Diary Of A Part Time Indian, By Sherman Alexie1391 Words   |  6 Pagesthat go along with living on an Indian reservation, this statistic may appear slightly more alarming. The effects of growing up on a reservation is a commonly overlooked topic that many don’t give a second glance. Unfortunately, there are issues that should be seen by the common person and with the knowledge of these issues, can possibly alter a person outlook on reservations in the US. In the novel, The Absolutely True Diary of a Part-Time Indian, by Sherman Alexie, the author sheds light on theRead MoreThe Absolutely True Diary Of The Part Time Indian By Sherman Alexie2068 Words   |  9 Pagesviolence, and judgements of inappropriate behavior based on the age of the reader. The Absolutely True Diary of a Part-Time Indian is one of those books, and in the opinions of many the novel actually consists of nearly all of these reasons why most books are banned. The book is actually one, if not the most, challenged book in the United States. Sherman Alexie s 2007 novel The Absolutely True Diary of the Part-Time Indian is considered a controversial novel because of it s demeaning references to alcoholismRead MoreThe Absolutely True Diary Of A Part Time Indian By Sherman Alexie1136 Words   |  5 PagesCritical analysis of The Absolutely True Diary of a Part Time Indian The Absolutely True Diary of a Part-Time Indian by Sherman Alexie, investigates the hidden facts about Indians. Alexie displays amiability, sorrow, and reality through his primary character, Junior, to influence the reader to comprehend how much the Native Americans are suffering. In present-day society, desperate Indians that reside in these reservations endure incurable poverty that keeps on prevailing. This dim world loadedRead MoreThe Absolutely True Diary Of A Part Time Indian By Sherman Alexie1277 Words   |  6 PagesEveryone is unique. All of these attributes can affect relationships. The novel, The Absolutely True Diary of a Part-Time Indian, by Sherman Alexie, and modern sources explore how mental and physical attributes affect friendship quality. Both authors show how, often, same-race friendships form tighter bonds. In The Absolutely True Diary of a Part-Time Indian best friends Junior and Rowdy are both Spokane Indians who are fighting throughout the novel. They experienced their culture together and stayedRead MoreThe Absolutely True Diary Of A Part Time Indian By Sherman Alexie1131 Words   |  5 PagesMufeez Amjad Ms. Habib ENG 2DG-40 December 4th, 2015 Identity Crisis in The Absolutely True Diary of a Part-Time Indian Almost all teens experience some sort of an identity crisis. They struggle with finding a clearer sense of themselves. Arnold Spirit Jr., a 14-year-old reservation Indian, faces an identity crisis when he leaves his reservation to go to school in Reardan, a town inhibited by white people. To begin, Arnold moves between different settings, and when he does, there is a change in hisRead MoreThe Absolutely True Diary Of A Part Time Indian `` By Sherman Alexie1001 Words   |  5 Pageswith Azerbaijan. Furthermore the poor economy and inflation destroyed numerous people hopes and future. In the novel, â€Å"The Absolutely True Diary of a Part-Time Indian†, by Sherman Alexie, Arnold Spirit is also known as Junior describes his life challenges of poverty living on Spokane reservation. Like Arnold, as I begin to compare him going through hardship and finding out true place in the world, I often find similarities in living in poverty with large effect of hunger and education. To begin withRead MoreThe Absolutely True Diary Of A Part Time Indian By Sherman Alexie1255 Words   |  6 Pagesmanaged to make it through all of that death and change. I made a list of the people who had given me the most joy in my life.’† (Alexie 176). Throughout the novel, The Absolutely True Diary of a Part-Time Indian by Sherman Alexie, the main character Junior Spirit is torn between the two worlds of Native Americans and White people. This denied him of finding a true identity in which humans sought after through William Glasser’s 5 Basic Needs Theory, which states that a human’s identity is affectedRead MoreThe Absolutely True Diary Of A Part Time Indian By Sherman Alexie1974 Words   |  8 PagesUnited States, but we can see that this problem still exists. In the book, The Absolutely True Diary of a Part-Time Indian, Arnold Spirit has been a victim of racism in his school. Arnold wants to get a better education and in order to do that, he would have to go to a white school where he would face discrimination. In the novel â€Å"The Absolutely True Diary of a Part-Time Indian† Sherman Alexie has given us a story of an Indian boy who exemplifies the overcoming of everyday systematic racism. He has shownRead MoreThe Absolutely True Diary Of A Part Time Indian By Sherman Alexie Essay1757 Words   |  8 Pages Sherman Alexie is an award-winning author who wrote the book The Absolutely True Diary of a Part-Time Indian. The book is a semi-autobiography of Alexie’s life and his experience growing up on an Indian Reservation, as well as a more economically well-off school, where he was the only Native American student. The book gives readers the opportunity to get an idea of what life is like living on an impoverished reservation. It depicts the struggles of young Arnold Spirit Jr., or Junior, as he isRead MoreThe Absolutely True Diary Of A Part Time Indian By Sherman Alexie852 Words   |  4 Pages A World of Beliefs In the world many people have, don’t have, or think they have hope. Hope is many different things. In The Absolutely True Diary of a Part-Time Indian by Sherman Alexie, many people have hope and many people think they don’t have hope. The Absolutely True Diary of a Part-Time Indian is about a boy named Junior and how he finds his way in the world and how he builds his own path to find hope. He ends up going to a school outside the Reservation where he tries to find a balance The Absolutely True Diary Of A Part Time Indian By Sherman... The Absolutely True Diary of a Part-Time Indian by Sherman Alexie is about how Junior, an Indian boy, set himself up for a better future. His teacher tells him that he should leave the reservation, so Junior switches to a mostly white school called Reardan. There, he trys out for the basketball team which changes his life. The books is all about how Junior gets himself on a better path and follows his dreams. As Junior tells this story there are many maxims sprinkled in. A maxim is a principle, rule, or basic truth about life. This essay is about the three maxims that spoke to me the most and how I can relate to them. â€Å"It can happen that way. One play can determine the course of a game. One play can change your momentum forever† (p.194).†¦show more content†¦Making varsity changed his life and his view of himself. Junior following his dreams teaches the reader that even if you don’t see it in the moment, one thing can change your life and identity. I’ve had many moments that I didn’t know would change my life, but they ended up impacting me in a big way. One moment was when I applied for kindergarten at my old school. I was only three, so I had no idea how important that time would be. I ended up on the waiting list, but I got in. That school had a huge influence on me. I loved going there. I made many friends that I will have forever, and I learned so much. I had no idea that school would mean so much to me, but looking back on it, it was a huge part of my childhood. Another time was when I interviewed to get into Park. Being accepted to Park and choosing to go to this school took me on a completely different path than if I had gone somewhere else. Right now, I’m in the process of applying to high schools. I don’t know what will happen, but one moment can change everything. In the future I’m also going to have to apply to colleges. There are also other moments that changed my life. An example is when my mom signed me up for gymnastics. I didn’t know I would like it so much, but now I love it. This has had an impact on my identity and the the schools I’ve attended have too. I’m still young, so I’m going to have many times that will change my life and identity in theShow MoreRelatedThe Absolutely True Diary Of A Part Time Indian, By Sherman Alexie1391 Words   |  6 Pagesthat go along with living on an Indian reservation, this statistic may appear slightly more alarming. The effects of growing up on a reservation is a commonly overlooked topic that many don’t give a second glan ce. Unfortunately, there are issues that should be seen by the common person and with the knowledge of these issues, can possibly alter a person outlook on reservations in the US. In the novel, The Absolutely True Diary of a Part-Time Indian, by Sherman Alexie, the author sheds light on theRead MoreThe Absolutely True Diary Of A Part Time Indian By Sherman Alexie895 Words   |  4 PagesDouble-consciousness in The Absolutely True Diary of a Part-Time Indian   Double-consciousness this sense of always looking at one s self through the eyes of others, of measuring one s soul by the tape of a world that looks on in amused contempt and pity (Dubois, 8). W.E.B. Du Bois had a perfect definition of double-consciousness. The action of viewing one s self through the eyes of others and measuring one s soul. Looking at all of the thoughts good or bad coming from others. This is presentRead MoreThe Absolutely True Diary Of The Part Time Indian By Sherman Alexie2068 Words   |  9 Pagesviolence, and judgements of inappropriate behavior based on the age of the reader. The Absolutely True Diary of a Part-Time Indian is one of those books, and in the opinions of many the novel actually consists of nearly all of these reasons why most books are banned. The book is actually one, if not the most, challenged book in the United States. Sherman Alexie s 2007 novel The Absolutely True Diary of the Part-Time Indian is considered a controversial novel because of it s demeaning references to alcoholismRead MoreThe Absolutely True Diary Of A Part Time Indian By Sherman Alexie1136 Words   |  5 PagesCritical analysis of The Absolutely True Diary of a Part Time Indian The Absolutely True Diary of a Part-Time Indian by Sherman Alexie, investigates the hidden facts about Indians. Alexie displays amiability, sorrow, and reality through his primary character, Junior, to influence the reader to comprehend how much the Native Americans are suffering. In present-day society, desperate Indians that reside in these reservations endure incurable poverty that keeps on prevailing. This dim world loadedRead MoreThe Absolutely True Diary Of A Part Time Indian By Sherman Alexie1277 Words   |  6 PagesEveryone is unique. All of these attributes can affect relationships. The novel, The Absolutely True Diary of a Part-Time Indian, by Sherman Alexie, and modern sources explore how mental and physical attributes affect friendship quality. Both authors show how, often, same-race friendships form tighter bonds. In The Absolutely True Diary of a Part-Time Indian best friends Junior and Rowdy are both Spokane Indians who are fighting throughout the novel. They experienced their culture together and stayedRead MoreThe Absolutely True Diary Of A Part Time Indian By Sherman Alexie1131 Words   |  5 PagesMufeez Amjad Ms. Habib ENG 2DG-40 December 4th, 2015 Identity Crisis in The Absolutely True Diary of a Part-Time Indian Almost all teens experience some sort of an identity crisis. They struggle with finding a clearer sense of themselves. Arnold Spirit Jr., a 14-year-old reservation Indian, faces an identity crisis when he leaves his reservation to go to school in Reardan, a town inhibited by white people. To begin, Arnold moves between different settings, and when he does, there is a change in hisRead MoreThe Absolutely True Diary Of A Part Time Indian `` By Sherman Alexie1001 Words   |  5 Pageswith Azerbaijan. Furthermore the poor economy and inflation destroyed numerous people hopes and future. In the novel, â€Å"The Absolutely True Diary of a Part-Time Indian†, by Sherman Alexie, Arnold Spirit is also known as Junior describes his life challenges of poverty living on Spokane reservation. Like Arnold, as I begin to compare him going through hardship and finding out true place in the world, I often find similarities in living in poverty with large effect of hunger and education. To begin withRead MoreThe Absolutely True Diary Of A Part Time Indian By Sherman Alexie1255 Words   |  6 Pagesmanaged to make it through all of that death and change. I made a list of the people who had given me the most joy in my life.’† (Alexie 176). Throughout the novel, The Absolutely True Diary of a Part-Time Indian by Sherman Alexie, the main character Junior Spirit is torn between the two worlds of Native Americans and White people. This denied him of finding a true identity in which humans sought after through William Glasser’s 5 Basic Needs Theory, which states that a human’s identity is affectedRead MoreThe Absolutely True Diary Of A Part Time Indian By Sherman Alexie1974 Words   |  8 PagesUnited States, but we can see that this problem still exists. In the book, The Absolutely True Diary of a Part-Time Indian, Arnold Spirit has been a victim of racism in his school. Arnold wants to get a better education and in order to do that, he would have to go to a white school where he would face discrimination. In the novel â€Å"The Absolutely True Diary of a Part-Time Indian† Sherman Alexie has given us a story of an Indian boy who exemplifies the overcoming of everyday systematic racism. He has shownRead MoreThe Absolutely True Diary Of A Part Time Indian By Sherman Alexie Essay1757 Words   |  8 Pages Sherman Alexie is an award-winning author who wrote the book The Absolutely True Diary of a Part-Time Indian. The book is a semi-autobiography of Alexie’s life and his experience growing up on an Indian Reservation, as well as a more economically well-off school, where he was the only Native American student. The book gives readers the opportunity to get an idea of what life is like living on an impoverished reservation. It depicts the struggles of young Arnold Spirit Jr., or Junior, as he is

Key Metrics And Key Performance Indicators - 939 Words

As data becomes abundant in today’s world, it is too difficult to track every single metric on a daily or weekly basis. Therefore, the best approach to provide insights and locate certain pertinent bits of data is to use a dashboard. The dashboard serves to show all of the key metrics you would like to track and their changes since the last review all in one place. Dashboards should be simple and easy to read in seconds. Dashboards that display the best metrics and key performance indicators in the best manner should serve to drive actions and decisions. (Kaushik 2010.) However, dashboards can often be created ineffectively for a number of reasons. There are no hard and fast rules when it comes to creating the dashboard as the metrics to track vary by industry, company, and even division within companies. Kaushik in his first book on analytics provides a number of guidelines to follow in order to create a dashboard that is effective and easily understood. (Kaushik 2010.) The first guideline is to always to use benchmarks to compare against your reported numbers. A number without context is just a number. It doesn’t provide the analyst with any insight because they do not know if this is high, low, average, typical of the industry, a new high, etc. Benchmarks can be used to provide context to these numbers, whether created to demonstrate the number against the company’s previous numbers or against the industries numbers or even both. (Kaushik 2010.) The second guidelineShow MoreRelatedKey Performance Indicators Of A Metric883 Words   |  4 PagesKey Terms A metric is a quantifiable measure organizations use to identify, track, monitor and assess the success of human resource or business methods. A more simple definition: metrics are numbers that indicate how well a company is performing. Business analysts use metrics to compare the performance of different companies. Metric dashboards are used to provide a quick view of key performance indicators (KPIs) relevant to a strategic objective or business process. A metric dashboard is anRead MorePerformance Measurement in Logistics Operations1440 Words   |  6 Pagesdiapason of performances required by the current emulous environment, performance measurement and monitoring, as a subject, has been arousing growing interest in various scopes, especially in the field of logistics operations. Explicit performance measurements provide a common groundwork for decision-making in companies. For performance measurement in Logistics operations, Key Performance Indicators are applied. â€Å"Key Performance Indicators, also known as KPI or Key Success Indicators (KSI), helpRead MoreExecutive Web Based Executive Information System1614 Words   |  7 PagesExecutive Dashboard is a web-based Executive Information System (EIS) where the organisation is used to proactively view critical metrics, identify trends, raise questions, and devise new management strategies. The Executive dashboard is also called as Strategic dashboard which will typically provide the KPI’s (Key Performance Indicators) that a company’s executive team track on a periodically. A strategic dashboard should provide the executive team with a high-level overview of the state of theRead MoreFeatures Of An Effective Executive Dashboard Essay1488 Words   |  6 PagesExecutive dashboard: An executive dashboard is a computer interface that displays the key performance indicators that corporate officers need to effectively run an enterprise In information technology, the term dashboard refers to a graphical user interface (GUI) that organizes and presents information in a format that is easy to read and interpret. An effective executive dashboard serves as a starting point from which a corporate executive can get a sense of the big picture before digging deeperRead MoreAnalyzing The Alignment Of It Assets Into Business Essay1618 Words   |  7 Pageson key points from our Report, we identified three main business objectives that can be achieved by adoption of IoT (The Internet of Things) in our existing product categories. Three business objectives are improving product performance, enhancing post-sale service and support, and diversifying revenue stream. Schryen argues that internal value is created when changes in IS capabilities occur, while competitive value is c reated when IT support service innovation and enhance market performance (SchryenRead MoreDescription Of An Executive Dashboard1145 Words   |  5 Pagesgraphical user interface that organizes information and presents it in an easy to read format. A useful dashboard gives the executive a sense of the bigger picture of the organization. A dashboard incorporates the trinity mindset to achieve optimal performance. The customer s behavior, outcomes, and experience will help the executive adopt client based innovations. Thus, the developer must understand the audience, type, and frequency of the application to help develop a relevant dashboard useful in monitoringRead MoreKey Performance Indicators ( Kpis )872 Words   |  4 PagesAs you know, in our current business environment, most companies have finite resources and budget but they share a common objective which is â€Å"to do more with less† and stay â€Å"nimble†. Extracting key insight from business data is crucia l for management to formulate strategy to drive improvement in our organization to counter competition as the industry evolves. In addition, having the information at the â€Å"right time† to departments and individuals will motivate the employees to act on this informationRead MoreThe Kraft Company s Key Performance Indicators And How The Index Align With The Company1203 Words   |  5 PagesKey Performance Indicators (KPI) Organizations set strategic goals and objectives for their business. Businesses utilize key performance indicators (KPIs) to measure the success or failure of obtaining objectives and goals. Key performance indicators are quantifiable metrics used to measure how well the business is performing against its business objectives (Sharma, 2011-2021). Depending on the company’s performance criteria or priorities, KPIs differ from one company to another. This documentRead MoreEvaluation Of A Performance Metrics1157 Words   |  5 PagesIntroduction Performance metrics enable the company to analyze their growth. It provides concrete evidence regarding the company’s goals. Performance metrics allows the company to determine the factors of the marketing mix need to be adjusted to improve productivity and performance (Crawford Di Benedetto, 2011). The selection process of the metrics to be used is a challenging one because it takes into consideration all department functions. This paper will examine 5 metrics used to measure innovationRead MoreDescription Of An Executive Dashboard Essay966 Words   |  4 Pagespresents data in a format that can be easily understood. Dashboard defines the right success metrics and put together a bunch of charts and graphs on a single page. Dashboards help organizations to get on the same page and speed decision- making because everyone is looking at the same thing. Executive Dashboard An executive dashboard is a graphical user interface that shows the key performance indicators that executives, managers and directors need to effectively function an organization. It is also

Impact of Cost of Capital on Capital Structure

Question: Discuss about theImpact of Cost of Capital on Capital Structure. Answer: Introduction The cost of capital of the firm Etisalat is considered as the requisite return that is necessary for making any project on capital budgeting (for example: opening of a new factory). Etisalats cost of capital is comprised of cost of debt along with cost of equity and it has been found that the particular firm uses common equity, debt and preferred equity for funding its new projects (Brigham Ehrhardt, 2013). Therefore, it can be said that the decision regarding capital budgeting might affect the companys capital structure and in return it can also affect the cost of capital and also vice-versa. It has been found that the total debt of the company Etisalat was AED 22229 million in 2014 and it slightly reduced to AED 22080 million in 2014 ("Etisalat.com ", 2016). On the other hand, total equity of the organization reduced from AED 60214 million in 2014 to AED 59375 million in 2015 ("Etisalat.com ", 2016). Thus, the objective of Etisalat has been found to maximize its shareholders retur n and stakeholders benefits and to maintain an optimal capital structure for reducing its cost of capital. As a result, the topic that has been selected for the research proposal is for identifying the affect of cost of capital on the capital structure of the particular firm. Theoretical Background (Literature Review) Capital Structure and Cost of Capital The capital structure is defined as a process by which an organization finances its total operations as well as regulations and growth by utilizing various fund sources. It has been found that debt is considered as one type of long-term notes payable or bond issues and on the other hand, equity is differentiated into preferred stocks, common stocks and retained earnings. Moreover, the working capital requirement that is considered as short-term debt is also counted as a portion of capital structure. An organizations capital structure might also be a mixture of common equity, long-term debt, preferred equity and short-term debt. The percentage of long-term and short-term debt is also counted when the firms capital structure is analyzed. However, as per Brigham Houston (2012), the firms capital structure is referred to the debt to equity ratio of the company as this provides imminent regarding the riskiness of the firm. According to Dorfman Cather, (2012), the companies that are heav ily financed by debt are considered as the firms that possess more risk from the viewpoint of the investors. Therefore, investors avoid investment in the companies having high debt as it is much riskier for the investors. Factors Affecting Cost of Capital As per Titman, Keown Martin (2015), there are various factors that affect the cost of capital and can also be controlled by the firm itself. These include changes in the policy of the capital structure, changes in the firms dividend policy and investment policy. On the other, Finkler et al. (2016) stated that there many other aspects that have an effect on the firms cost of capital but cannot be controlled by the organization itself. These include level of interest rates and taxation rates. It has been found that with the change in the cost of equity, the interest rate and the cost of debt get affected. On the contrary, with the rise in the tax rate, the cost of debt falls along with the cost of capital. Relationship among Cost of Capital, Value of the Firm and Capital Structure Opined to Oikonomou, Brooks Pavelin, (2012), the relationship between the capital structure, the value of the business and cost of capital can be better understood through the implementation of four principal theories. These include Net Income Approach, Traditional Approach, Modigliani-Miller Approach and Net Operating Income Approach. Each of these theories presents different views on the relationship between the utilization of the common stock value and financial leverage. However, as per McKinney (2015), these theories vary in considering the capital structure decision to the business value. The net income approach is known as the dependence theory and here WACC and share price both are influenced by the financial decision of the firm. However, the net operating income approach is opposite to NI approach. The traditional approach lies in between these NI approach and NOI approach. Lastly, as per Modigliani-Miller approach, the common stock price and cost of capital of a firm are considered as independent of the degree for which a firm opts for using financial leverage. Research Methodology Purpose of the Study The rationale of the particular study is to determine the affect of cost of capital on the capital structure of the firm Etisalat, such that proper measures can be taken in order to sustain an optimal capital structure within the firm. In addition to this, it can also be said that Etisalat monitors the financial market and updates them to the approaches of standard industry in order to compute the weighted average cost of capital (WACC) (Molina Preve, 2012). Therefore, the other aim of the study is to monitor and study that the average cost of capital of the particular organization is independent of its capital structure or not. Moreover, it can also be said that the purpose of the study is to determine whether the earnings/ price ratio increases the linear alliance of the economic risk as per the ratio debt to equity. Scope of the Study The research study puts emphasis on the collision of cost of capital on the capital structure of Etisalat. It has been found that as per the annual report of the organization Etisalat for the year 2015, the cost of capital of the firm was high and thus it had negative effect on it. Therefore, the board of directors of the particular firm decided to monitor the cost of capital and to reduce it in order to attain an optimal capital structure (Melicher Norton, 2013). Moreover, from this study, the relationship between the weighted average cost of capital (WACC) and the financial markets can also be studied and analyzed in detail. Additionally, the effect of earnings/ price ratio on the linear function of financial risk has also been analyzed in this research work (Jovanovic Schinckus, 2013). Therefore, the study on Impact of Cost of Capital on Capital Structure of the company Etisalat can be considered as an important and useful topic for the research work. Sources of Data The data can be gathered from the annual report of the particular firm Etisalat, website of the company, related books, journals, articles, websites and many more. Therefore, it can be said that all the data and information for the particular research work can be gathered from the secondary resources only. The dissertations, journal articles and the research papers relating to financial management, capital structuring and cost of capital that have been studied by the previous authors will act as the main source for data collection (Griffin Pustay, 2012). Hypotheses of the Study Hypothesis Number 1: H0: The cost of capital does not have any impact on the capital structure of Etisalat. H1: The cost of capital has impact on the capital structure of the firm Etisalat. Hypothesis Number 2: H0: The weighted average cost of capital does not have relationship with the financial markets. H1: The weighted average cost of capital has relationship with the financial markets. Hypothesis Number 3: H0: Earnings/ price ratio does not have any effect on the linear function of financial risk. H1: Earnings/ price ratio have effect on the linear function of financial risk. Methods and Techniques Adopted in the Research Study In the specified research study, both the qualitative and quantitative research methodologies will be implemented in order to analyze all the hypotheses in detail. Here, both the qualitative and quantitative research methodologies will be used for analyzing the data and information that have been collected from secondary resources (Dudin et al., 2014). In the particular research work, information and data will not be collected from the primary resources, as for the specified study the secondary resources will be the best option. The data will be collected from the annual report of the particular firm Etisalat, website of the company, related books, journals, articles, websites and many more. In addition to these, the dissertations, journal articles and the research papers relating to financial management, capital structuring and cost of capital that have been studied by the previous authors will also be considered as the secondary resources (Copeland, Weston Shastri, 2013). In order to study the gathered data through quantitative analysis, various mathematical and statistical tools will be implemented. These include regression analysis, correlation analysis and various other descriptive statistics. Empirical Analysis The learner can test the collision of cost of capital on the firms capital structure by studying the theoretical underpinnings through qualitative analysis and the gathered data and information from the dissertations, research papers and journals through quantitative analysis (Michalski, 2012). The quantitative analysis includes the mathematical and statistical tools like regression analysis, correlation and other descriptive statistics. It has been found that there is no accurate standard or limitation for cost of capital by maintaining which an optimal capital structure can be maintained within a firm. However, by maintaining the debt-to-equity ratio of the organization, business value can be maximized and by balancing between the ideal debt-to-equity ranges, the organizations cost of capital can be minimized with the intension to achieve an optimal capital structure of the firm (Danthine Donaldson, 2014). In other words, it can be said that by optimizing the shares market value a s well as the companys cost of capital, an optimal capital structure can be attained. Conclusion Therefore, it can be concluded that by performing the research study in an orderly and systematic manner, the entire research work can be done properly. Additionally, with the implementation of proper research methodologies, the hypotheses can also be analyzed in detail. Moreover, the literature review and the theoretical underpinnings of the research study will also help to perform the entire work. In addition to these, both the quantitative analysis and qualitative analysis methods of studying the data gathered from the secondary resources will also help to understand and conclude the problem statements as well as the hypotheses of the particular research. Recommendation Thus, it can be recommended that there is no fixed benchmark or standard for ideal structure of cost of capital in an organization. Therefore, the firm Etisalat should optimize the market values of its shares and cost of capital in order to maintain an optimal capital structure within the firm. In addition to these, the firm should maintain a balance between debt-to-equity range and the cost of capital of the organization should be minimized for attaining an optimal capital structure. References Brigham, E. F., Ehrhardt, M. C. (2013).Financial management: Theory practice. Cengage Learning. Brigham, E. F., Houston, J. F. (2012).Fundamentals of financial management. Cengage Learning. Copeland, T. E., Weston, J. F., Shastri, K. (2013).Financial Theory and Corporate Policy: Pearson New International Edition. Pearson Higher Ed. Danthine, J. P., Donaldson, J. B. (2014).Intermediate financial theory. academic press. Dorfman, M. S., Cather, D. A. (2012).Introduction to risk management and insurance. Pearson Higher Ed. Dudin, M. N., Lyasnikov, N. V., Yahyaev, M. A., Kuznecov, A. V. E. (2014). The organization approaches peculiarities of an industrial enterprises financial management.Life Science Journal,11(9), 333-336. Etisalat.com (2016).Etisalat.com. Retrieved 17 December 2016, from https://www.etisalat.com Finkler, S. A., Smith, D. L., Calabrese, T. D., Purtell, R. M. (2016).Financial management for public, health, and not-for-profit organizations. CQ Press. Griffin, R. W., Pustay, M. W. (2012).International business. Pearson Higher Ed. Jovanovic, F., Schinckus, C. (2013). The emergence of econophysics: A new approach in modern financial theory.History of Political Economy,45(3), 443-474. McKinney, J. B. (2015).Effective financial management in public and nonprofit agencies. ABC-CLIO. Melicher, R. W., Norton, E. A. (2013).Introduction to finance: markets, investments, and financial management. Wiley Global Education. Michalski, G. (2012). Accounts receivable management in nonprofit organizations.Zeszyty Teoretyczne Rachunkowo?ci, (68), 83-96. Molina, C. A., Preve, L. A. (2012). An empirical analysis of the effect of financial distress on trade credit.Financial Management,41(1), 187-205. Oikonomou, I., Brooks, C., Pavelin, S. (2012). The impact of corporate social performance on financial risk and utility: A longitudinal analysis.Financial Management,41(2), 483-515. Titman, S., Keown, A. J., Martin, J. D. (2015).Financial management: Principles and applications. Pearson.